This article traces the link between Deleuze’s philosophy of individuation, developed in such works as Difference and Repetition and Logic of Sense, and the notion of structure, that articulated a good part of the epistemological and ontological discussions in French philosophy and science in the 1960s. Besides pointing out the originality of Deleuze’s take on the term ‘structure’—as it ceases to correspond to a formal constant that is opposed or indifferent to the genesis of singular individuals, and becomes a virtual (...) field of pre-individual determinations—, the author presents the possible limits of its use in a philosophy of difference in itself. The reconstruction of this philosophical bet that wanted to turn “structuralism” into a new transcendental philosophy allows to assess how much of this idea of structure remains alive in Deleuze and Guattari’s later works, and to what extent their philosophy transforms or displaces the project that had been formulated in those early books. (shrink)

La Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga, Ica-Perú, debido al Covid 19 se adecuó a la virtualidad implementando el aula virtual Laureasea. Esta investigación se realizó durante el semestre académico 2021-1. Objetivo: analizar de qué manera la educación virtual mejora el desempeño docente. Participaron 430 docentes de las 24 facultades respondiendo una encuesta virtual. Resultados significativos: 80% dictó una clase virtual por primera vez, 60% tenía acceso a una aula virtual, 68% ha mejorado su desempeño y 75% prefiere las clases presenciales. (...) Conclusiones: La educación virtual mejora significativamente el desempeño docente y prefieren el dictado de clases presenciales. (shrink)

RESUMEN Introducción: La dimensión ambiental constituye un proceso esencial en la formación de profesionales, de modo que en el desempeño de su profesión puedan educar hacia el desarrollo sostenible a las futuras generaciones. Objetivo: Representar en un modelo pedagógico la lógica de la dimensión ambiental en la formación laboral investigativa de los profesionales en la universidad. Materiales y métodos: Se utilizaron métodos teóricos, empíricos y matemáticos-estadísticos. Resultados: Elaboración del modelo pedagógico de dimensión ambiental en la formación laboral investigativa de los (...) profesionales en formación. El modelo está estructurado en tres subsistemas: uno teórico, se centra en la integración de saberes pedagógico ambientales a partir de las relaciones que se establecen entre sus componentes, otro metodológico, el cual resume la proyección ambiental de la formación laboral investigativa y un subsistema procedimental, que manifiesta la instrumentación transformadora ambiental que debe ocurrir en los estudiantes. El modelo aporta una cualidad sinérgica que le imprime identidad, totalidad y contribuye a su autodesarrollo. Conclusiones: Con la elaboración del modelo se revelan nuevas interpretaciones que se manifiestan como relaciones teóricas funcionales surgidas entre los componentes de los subsistemas que lo integran y a la vez, entre los subsistemas como macro componentes. La validación del modelo resultó estadísticamente significativa, mediante la instrumentación de una estrategia pedagógica para la dimensión ambiental en la formación laboral investigativa. ABSTRACT Introduction: The environmental component is an essential process in the training of professionals, that enables them to educate future generations towards sustainable development. Objective: To represent in a pedagogical model the logic of the environmental dimension in the research training of professionals. Materials and methods: Theoretical, empirical and mathematical-statistical methods were used. Findings: The development of the pedagogical model of environmental dimension in research and labor training of professionals. The model is structured in three subsystems: the first focuses on the integration of environmental pedagogical knowledge from the relationships established between its components; the second is of a methodological character and summarizes the environmental projection of research training; whereas the third one is procedural, expressing the environmental transformative instrumentation that must occur in students. The model provides a synergistic quality that consolidates identity, totality and contributes to its self-development. Conclusions: With the elaboration of the model new interpretations are revealed that are manifested as functional theoretical relations arising between the components of the subsystems that integrate it and at the same time, between the subsystems as macro components. The evaluation of the model was statistically significant, through the instrumentation of a pedagogical strategy for the environmental dimension in the research and labor training. (shrink)

In his latest book, _Ethics for Capitalists_, Joseph Heath draws on his many years of thinking about business ethics to propose, as the book’s subtitle indicates, “a systematic approach to business ethics, competition, and market failure.” He develops his argument carefully, draws on a wealth of interdisciplinary work, uses valuable and insightful examples, contrasts his views with important alternatives, and provides responses to compelling objections. In this review article, we argue that his book revises and sharpens many of Heath’s earlier (...) ideas, addressing important criticisms raised against them. We highlight that the book also offers a broad macro-level framework for market design, an explanation of how current corporate governance structures fit such a framework, and concrete responses to micro-level questions about what businesses and individuals ought to do. By doing all of this, his book shifts the scope of the “market failures approach” (MFA) from what used to be a narrow focus on the obligations of professional managers to an encompassing “ethics for capitalists” that ought to guide any economic actor within a capitalistic system. Despite the many merits of his book, we conclude by discussing some concerns we have about its scope and methodology. (shrink)

Proyectada en 1908 y colocada en 1914, la vidriera de Nuestra Señora del Pilar fue una de las primeras vidrieras artísticas fabricadas por La Veneciana. Pese a ocupar el mayor ventanal de la catedral-basílica de Zaragoza permanece ignorada por las guías turísticas e Internet. Este trabajo arroja luz sobre dicho vitral, su diseñador y el arte sobre cristal. Analizamos su composición pilarista en el contexto de la historia civil, religiosa y legendaria de Zaragoza. Concluiremos con el profundo significado simbólico de (...) esta vidriera que consagra a la Virgen del Pilar como el honor del pueblo zaragozano, aragonés y español así como un elemento del espíritu de la reconciliación hispano-francesa de 1908. Palabras clave: vidriera artística, El Pilar, Zaragoza, La Veneciana, Guyonnet, relaciones hispano-francesas.Projected in 1908 and placed in 1914, the stained-glass window of Nuestra Señora del Pilar was one of the first artistic stained-glass windows manufactured by La Veneciana. Despite occupying the largest window of the cathedral-basilica of Zaragoza remains ignored by tourist guides and the Internet. This work sheds light on this stained-glass window, your designer and art on glass. Next, we will analyze its ‘pilarista’ composition, a synthesis of the civil, religious and legendary history of Zaragoza. We will conclude with the deep symbolic meaning of this stained-glass window, which consecrates the Virgen del Pilar as the honor of the people of Zaragoza, Aragon and Spain. Eventually, this article constitutes an invitation to consider this work as an element of the spirit of Spanish-French reconciliation of 1908. Key words: stained-glass, El Pilar, Zaragoza, La Veneciana, Guyonnet, Spanish-French relations. (shrink)

Explorar y debatir múltiples perspectivas sobre los acontecimientos del pasado es una orientación curricular tan aceptada entre los investigadores, como poco frecuente en nuestras aulas de historia. Como en entregas anteriores de esta serie de artículos, se analiza aquí esta orientación curricular a la luz de las investigaciones y experiencias publicadas, tratando de esclarecer en qué consiste, sus claves, sus prácticas más habituales y por qué resulta valiosa para los estudiantes. La multiperspectividad está en la misma esencia de la historia (...) como disciplina. Se opone a la memoria, caracterizada por relatos cerrados que imponen una única versión del pasado. En esta tensión entre disciplina y memoria, la práctica de la enseñanza de la historia ha apostado habitualmente por la segunda. Pero aprender a analizar, valorar y debatir las distintas versiones del mundo del pasado tiene mucho más valor curricular. Multiperspetividad no sólo significa comprender la verdadera naturaleza polémica, abierta y crítica de la historia, sino que es la misma base de la ciudadanía democrática. (shrink)

The purpose of the study was to analyze the coherence of the presentation of hypotheses and conclusions in postgraduate thesis on educational quality, which was carried out with a descriptive design. The population consisted of postgraduate theses on educational quality from four Universities of Lima, supported from 2020 to 2022, and the sample was adequate and representative. After the documentary review and analysis, the statistical analysis allowed us to find as a result a weak linear positive correlation of such variables (...) with a significance much lower than 0.01, which means that there is no optimal logical articulation between elements of the these. (shrink)

Humility is increasingly recognized as an essential attribute for individuals at top management levels to build successful organizations. However, research on CEO humility has focused on how humble chief executive officers (CEOs) shape collective perceptions through their interactions and behaviors with other organizational members while overlooking CEOs’ critical role in making strategic decisions. We address this unexplored aspect of CEO humility by proposing that humble CEOs influence decision-making decentralization at the top management team (TMT) and subsequently promote an organizational ethical (...) culture. Using a sample of CEOs and TMT members from 120 small- and medium-sized enterprises, we find strong support for our hypotheses. We discuss important implications for research on CEO humility and strategic leadership. (shrink)

In this chapter we use methods of corpus linguistics to investigate the ways in which mathematicians describe their work as explanatory in their research papers. We analyse use of the words explain/explanation (and various related words and expressions) in a large corpus of texts containing research papers in mathematics and in physical sciences, comparing this with their use in corpora of general, day-to-day English. We find that although mathematicians do use this family of words, such use is considerably less prevalent (...) in mathematics papers than in physics papers or in general English. Furthermore, we find that the proportion with which mathematicians use expressions related to ‘explaining why’ and ‘explaining how’ is significantly different to the equivalent proportion in physics and in general English. We discuss possible accounts for these differences. (shrink)

Muslim women's rights have been a topic of discussion and debate over the past few decades, and with a good reason. Islamic Law is considered by many as patriarchal and particularly oppressive to women, and yet there are also others-Muslim women-who have rigorously defended their religion by claiming that Islam is the guarantor par excellence of women's rights. A big question begs to be answered: is Islam particularly oppressive to women?The Qur'an has addressed women's issues fourteen hundred years ago by (...) creating certain reforms to improve the status of women; however, these reforms do not seem to be practiced in Muslim societies today.1 How is this so? I contend that Islam, as revealed to Muhammad, is not oppressive to women; rather, its interpretation, in so far as it is enacted in the family laws and everyday living, is patriarchal and hence needs to be examined.2 The goal of this work is to discuss what the Qur'an says about certain problems which gravely affect Muslim women, specifically: 1. gender equality 2. polygamy 3. divorce and the concept of nushuz. (shrink)

Se ofrecen los materiales de una experiencia de empatía histórica para 4º de ESO, en la que los estudiantes deben construir una explicación para la aparente posición favorable al abosolutismo de gran parte del pueblo español con el regreso de Fernando VII en 1814. A partir de fuentes primarias, tanto textos como imágenes, los estudiantes van explorando diferentes aspectos de las circunstancias, ideas e intereses que convergen en aquellos acontecimientos y que constituirán la materia prima de su razonamiento histórico.

Tocqueville, como todos los grandes clásicos, es inagotable. A man for all seasons, como lo prueba su reciente éxito en China y Japón, dos países y dos sistemas políticos tan alejados de la historia europea y del modelo democrático que él describió que le hubiera parecido sorprendente que le utilizaran como referencia. Ser un clásico inagotable con solo dos obras de obligada lectura es un logro del que pocos pueden vanagloriarse. Quizá Hobbes, quizá John Locke, dos de los autores que (...) menciona Lucien Jaume en el primer artículo de este monográfico que presentamos en la revista Araucaria. (shrink)

Some authors have argued that consideration of alternative claims, theories, or worldviews is necessary for a proper or sound critical assessment of a claim or set of claims. However, an understanding of interpretation and beliefs as inherently holistic suggests that interpretation already involves the recogllition of alternatives, and that therefore assessment also necessarily involves their comparison. Starting from this idea, it will be argued that presuppositions can be regarded as limits to the range of alternatives that are considered by the (...) author of the claims, as seen by an interpreter making the assessment. However, a result of this consists in the fact that these assumptions can only be found in the conversational interaction between the author’s and the interpreter’s broader belief systems. Some implications for a conversational form of criticality will also be derived from here. (shrink)

El desarrollo de la actividad de estudio a partir de niveles de eficiencia cada vez mayores constituye un requisito indispensable para el tránsito de los estudiantes por la Educación Superior. De igual forma representa un reto para los docentes en el diseño del proceso enseñanza- aprendizaje. En este empeño es necesario prestar atención a los métodos, procedimientos y estrategias que permitan al estudiante la adopción de una posición reflexiva e independiente en la búsqueda del conocimiento, su actualización y aplicación en (...) la diversidad de tareas de estudio que como parte de su formación integral deben realizar. En ello resulta importante el análisis de las vías que favorecen un mejor funcionamiento de la memoria como proceso cognoscitivo fundamental. El presente artículo ofrece elementos teóricos y metodológicos esenciales que pueden servir de guía a docentes y estudiantes en la regulación y autorregulación de los procesos mnémicos desde la perspectiva del estudio eficiente, aspectos que no siempre son valorados en correspondencia con los aportes teóricos existentes. The development of the studying activity, based on ever growing efficiency levels, constitutes an indispensable requirement for the students' passing through higher education. Likewise, this fact represents a challenge for the professors to teach the students how to study. In doing so, it is necessary to pay attention to methods, procedures and strategies that allow the students to take a reflexive and independent position while searching for knowledge, its updating and application in the diversity of studying tasks which as a part of its integral formation the students have to accomplish. It is of uppermost importance the analysis of the ways that favor a better functioning of memory as a fundamental cognitive process. This article offers essential theoretical and methodological elements which may be guidelines to professors and students for regulating and self- regulating the memory processes from an efficient study perspective, which are not always valued in correspondence to the existing theoretical outcomes on the field. (shrink)

Dar valor al estudio de la historia constituye el problema fundamental del diseño curricular. Partiendo de esta premisa, se proponen una serie de artículos en los que se plantean hipótesis curriculares alternativas para las asignaturas de historia en Secundaria y Bachillerato, frente al enfoque tradicional enciclopédico. Cada alternativa está centrada en un valor concreto, un logro valioso que configura y da sentido a una determinada orientación curricular. En esta primera entrega se propone un currículo orientado al desarrollo de la conciencia (...) histórica, a través del estudio de los grandes procesos de transformación (técnica, económica, social, política, cultural, geopolítica…) a lo largo del tiempo. El estudiante aprende en este currículo a ver la historicidad del presente, como instantánea fugaz de un mundo en transformación constante, a valorar sus características como el resultado de esos procesos de transformación, y a analizar la complejidad de los procesos de cambio y continuidad que van conformando la realidad de cada momento histórico, incluido su presente. (shrink)

John L. Austin estableció desde su teoría de los actos de habla, que la persuasión es un acto perlocucionario, es decir, uno de los efectos producido por un hablante sobre otro mediante un discurso. Aristóteles ya había definido la retórica como la facultad de considerar en cada caso lo que cabe para persuadir. Aquí nos proponemos mostrar que para Aristóteles la persuasión se produce, ciertamente, por el discurso, pero que las pasiones también son necesarias para producirla. Si esto es así, (...) ellas deben poder expresarse mediante el lenguaje discursivo. Con el fin de demostrar lo anterior, vamos a proceder de la siguiente manera: Primero se señala la conexión que se establece entre persuasión y opinión, y de ésta con la palabra. Segundo, dado lo anterior, se precisa que además de que el hombre se comunica -algo que también hacen los animales-, también se expresa mediante el lenguaje discursivo. Finalmente, haremos la siguiente consideración: si mediante las pasiones se producen cambios en el cuerpo, y ellas mismas son sentidas por el alma, entonces, sobre ellas el hombre también podría construir enunciados. (shrink)

En el libro II de la Retórica se encuentra un estudio sobre las pasiones, las cuales, como bien lo afirma Aristóteles, influyen en la formación del juicio y por tanto en la toma de decisiones; esto hace pensar en su posible incidencia en la conformación de las comunidades humanas, lo cual puede ser inicialmente abordado desde los vínculos que una retórica de las pasiones tiene con la política y con la ética. En la parte final de este artículo se muestra (...) la cercanía que puede existir entre el término de pasión utilizado por Aristóteles, y el sentimiento moral de P. Strawson y E. Tugendhat, con el fin de iniciar una reflexión sobre el valor que la retórica de las pasiones de Aristóteles puede tener en los estudios contemporáneos. (shrink)

Partiendo de una revisión del debate académico sobre la empatía o toma de perspectiva histórica, se ofrece una propuesta de currículo de historia para Secundaria centrado en esta dimensión del pensamiento histórico. Este segundo artículo de la serie “El valor de la historia” indaga cómo podría ser un currículo en el que los estudiantes se enfrenten al reto de explicar por qué los seres humanos actuaron como lo hicieron en determinadas circunstancias y en el que exploren lo que creían, pensaban (...) o sentían para hacer lo que hicieron. Se analizan algunas de las claves fundamentales que deberían tenerse en cuenta en el diseño y se argumenta el valor de dar esta orientación curricular a la asignatura partiendo de la importancia de desarrollar el sentido de alteridad y de expandir su comprensión de lo que significa ser humano. (shrink)

El objetivo del estudio se orientó a analizar el desarrollo socioemocional de niños(as) con habilidades diferentes que participaron en actividades de equinoterapia en la ciudad de Lima. La muestra del estudio, realizado con diseño fenomenológico, estuvo constituida por los padres o madres de familia que participaron en la implementación de actividades de equinoterapia y ofrecieron información de sus hijos(as) con autismo, síndrome de Down o trastorno por déficit de atención con y sin hiperactividad. El recojo de datos se utilizó un (...) cuestionario de preguntas abiertas que se enfocaron en las áreas social y emocional del desarrollo de niños(as), el cual fue administrado a 25 informantes, número que se alcanzó por saturación. Se encontró como resultado que los(as) niños(as) que participan en actividades de equinoterapia con enfoque holístico se ve favorecido su desarrollo socioemocional, referente a la relación de apego y control de emociones en el área emocional, y las relaciones. (shrink)

Cultural evolution studies are characterized by the notion that culture evolves accordingly to broadly Darwinian principles. Yet how far the analogy between cultural and genetic evolution should be pushed is open to debate. Here, we examine a recent disagreement that concerns the extent to which cultural transmission should be considered a preservative mechanism allowing selection among different variants, or a transformative process in which individuals recreate variants each time they are transmitted. The latter is associated with the notion of “cultural (...) attraction”. This issue has generated much misunderstanding and confusion. We first clarify the respective positions, noting that there is in fact no substantive incompatibility between cultural attraction and standard cultural evolution approaches, beyond a difference in focus. Whether cultural transmission should be considered a preservative or reconstructive process is ultimately an empirical question, and we examine how both preservative and reconstructive cultural transmission has been studied in recent experimental research in cultural evolution. Finally, we discuss how the relative importance of preservative and reconstructive processes may depend on the granularity of analysis and the domain being studied. (shrink)

Although it has been recognized that employees regularly engage in non-green behaviors, little research has been conducted to explain how these behaviors may be avoided. Using data from a three-wave study, this study tested a moderated-mediation model in which trust in the immediate manager was expected to increase the indirect effect of supervisory support for the environment on non-green behaviors through employee environmental commitment. While the findings showed, as predicted, that exchange relationships with the immediate manager reduce the tendency of (...) employees to engage in non-green behaviors, the indirect effect of supervisory support on non-green behaviors through employee environmental commitment was moderated at a low level of trust in the manager, contrary to predictions. Though unexpected, this result seems less surprising when discussed in the light of negotiated exchange, suggesting that employee efforts to avoid non-green behaviors need to be seen as the result of a deal between managers and subordinates. The findings of this study contribute to the emerging literature on social exchange in an environmental context and have implications for organizations seeking to achieve environmental sustainability. (shrink)

Cuando Thomas S. Kuhn postuló la tesis deinconmensurabilidad interparadigmática,fue acusado de asumir una posturairracionalista. Pero lo que aparentementebuscaba era un nuevo concepto deracionalidad. La única formalización teóricaque incluye a la inconmensurabilidad esla de los estructuralistas, pero se trata deuna versión atenuada, “irónica”, que nodesafía realmente el paradigma clásico deracionalidad.When Thomas S. Kuhn postulated the interparadigmatic incommensurability thesis, he was accused of assuming anirrationalist stance. But he was, seemingly,looking for a new concept of rationality.The only theoric formulization that uses incommensurability is (...) that of the structuralism but it is a tamed “ironic” onethat does not really challenges the classicparadigm of rationality. (shrink)

Traditionally, research has been seen as a process in which particular cases are studied in order to produce generalisations that can later be applied to other situations. This is arguably the case, for instance, of plain statistical generalisation from samples to populations, but also of grounded theory, local theory and democratic theory. Other research approaches, such as case study research and action research, have challenged this conception and have formulated a process in which transfer takes place directly from particular cases (...) to other particular cases, thus bypassing generalisations. Nevertheless, I argue that, even in research on single cases, and regardless of whether it is descriptive, explanatory or normative, any piece of research unavoidably produces, supports, modifies, qualifies or refines generalisations in the course of a research project. These generalisations are constitutive of the very descriptions, explanations and normative justifications used to talk about the particular. Nevertheless, they vary in their degree of explicitness, certainty and complexity, as well as in the substantive dimensions they generalise on. The neglect of this characteristic in the educational literature may stem from the inductive assumption that knowledge in research is produced when one first finds something about one or more cases or situations, and then generalises (or does not generalise) the results to other contexts. But generalisation exists all along the process. (shrink)

The issue of what constitutes a valid logical inference is a difficult question. At a minimum, we believe a permissible step in a proof must provide the reader with rational grounds to believe that the new step is a logically necessary consequence of previous assertions. However, this begs the question of what constitutes these rational grounds. Formalist accounts typically describe valid rules of inferences as those that can be found by applying one of the explicit rules of inference in the (...) formal system in which the proof is couched. However, philosophers of mathematics find such a description unhelpful because many inferences in the proofs that mathematicians actually produce cannot be expressed in a formal language, at least not without seriously distorting the semantic content of the inference (e.g., Larvor, 2012). In this chapter, we investigate mathematicians’ perceptions of a particular kind of inference in a particular setting. Specifically, we shed light on what types of graphical inferences mathematicians find permissible in a real analysis proof. Following Larvor (in press), we examine mathematicians’ reactions to metrical graphical inferences (i.e., inferences whose validity depends on the accuracy of the graph that was drawn and whose validity can be changed by minor deformations) and nonmetrical graphical inferences (i.e., inferences whose validity does not depend on a the accuracy of the graph and whose validity is not vulnerable to local deformations). The goal of this chapter is threefold. First, we demonstrate that most mathematicians reject metrical graphical inferences as impermissible in a real analysis proof. Second, we show that many mathematicians regard nonmetrical graphical inferences as permissible in a real analysis proofs. Third, we illustrate how mathematicians collectively disagree on the permissibility of nonmetrical inferences. (shrink)

Mathematical explanations are poorly understood. Although mathematicians seem to regularly suggest that some proofs are explanatory whereas others are not, none of the philosophical accounts of what such claims mean has become widely accepted. In this paper we explore Wilkenfeld’s suggestion that explanations are those sorts of things that generate understanding. By considering a basic model of human cognitive architecture, we suggest that existing accounts of mathematical explanation are all derivable consequences of Wilkenfeld’s ‘functional explanation’ proposal. We therefore argue that (...) the explanatory criteria offered by earlier accounts can all be thought of as features that make it more likely that a mathematical proof will generate understanding. On the functional account, features such as characterising properties, unification, and salience correlate with explanatoriness, but they do not define explanatoriness. (shrink)

This chapter discusses the relation between Christian Wolff's philosophy and the methodological views of early modern experimental philosophers. The chapter argues for three claims. First, Wolff's system relies on experience at every step and his views on experiments, observations, hypotheses, and the a priori are in line with those of experimental philosophers. Second, the study of Wolff's views demonstrates the influence of experimental philosophy in early eighteenth-century Germany. Third, references to Wolff's empiricism and rationalism are best identified or replaced with (...) references to his endorsement of the tenets of experimental philosophers and of a mathematical demonstrative method. (shrink)

In Ockhamist branching-time logic [Prior 67], formulas are meant to be evaluated on a specified branch, or history, passing through the moment at hand. The linguistic counterpart of the manifoldness of future is a possibility operator which is read as `at some branch, or history (passing through the moment at hand)'. Both the bundled-trees semantics [Burgess 79] and the $\langle moment, history\rangle$ semantics [Thomason 84] for the possibility operator involve a quantification over sets of moments. The Ockhamist frames are (3-modal) (...) Kripke structures in which this second-order quantification is represented by a first-order quantification. The aim of the present paper is to investigate the notions of modal definability, validity, and axiomatizability concerning 3-modal frames which can be viewed as generalizations of Ockhamist frames. (shrink)

In countries like the United States, White people benefit from appropriating Black hair culture, even while Black men and women experience race-based hair discrimination and oppression. One goal of this paper is to raise awareness of hair discrimination and oppression within the philosophical community. Another is to consider whether current theories of appropriation can account for the wrongness of this widespread phenomenon and, if so, how. We are particularly interested in the special case where one minority group appropriates from another (...) minority group—viz. the appropriation of Black hairstyles by Non-Black Persons of Colour. Our paper highlights the complexity of appropriation claims between competing minority groups—both of which have been oppressed, albeit differently, by White people— due to their multi-ethnic, multicultural and, therefore, intersectional, status. (shrink)

People’s awareness of tactile stimuli has been investigated in far less detail than their awareness of stimuli in other sensory modalities. In an attempt to fill this gap, we provide an overview of studies that are pertinent to the topic of tactile consciousness. We discuss the results of research that has investigated phenomena such as “change blindness”, phantom limb sensations, and numerosity judgments in tactile perception, together with the results obtained from the study of patients affected by deficits that can (...) adversely affect tactile perception such as neglect, extinction, and numbsense. The similarities as well as some of the important differences that have emerged when visual and tactile conscious information processing have been compared using similar experimental procedures are highlighted. We suggest that conscious information processing in the tactile modality cannot be separated completely from the more general processing of spatial information in the brain. Finally, the importance of considering tactile consciousness within the larger framework of multisensory information processing is also discussed. (shrink)

We study the computability-theoretic complexity and proof-theoretic strength of the following statements: (1) "If X is a well-ordering, then so is ε X ", and (2) "If X is a well-ordering, then so is φ(α, X)", where α is a fixed computable ordinal and φ represents the two-placed Veblen function. For the former statement, we show that ω iterations of the Turing jump are necessary in the proof and that the statement is equivalent to ${\mathrm{A}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{A}}_{0}^{+}$ over RCA₀. To prove the (...) latter statement we need to use ω α iterations of the Turing jump, and we show that the statement is equivalent to ${\mathrm{\Pi }}_{{\mathrm{\omega }}^{\mathrm{\alpha }}}^{0}{-\mathrm{C}\mathrm{A}}_{0}$ . Our proofs are purely computability-theoretic. We also give a new proof of a result of Friedman: the statement "if x is a well-ordering, then so is φ(x, 0)" is equivalent to ATR₀ over RCA₀. (shrink)